Senior Advocate Rakesh Dwivedi said Pakistan was not created by Mohammed Ali Jinnah but was the outcome of British geopolitical strategy during the transfer of power. Speaking at his book launch, he argued that 1946 election results show the British, not Jinnah, shaped Pakistan’s creation.
Senior Advocate Rakesh Dwivedi on Friday said that Pakistan was not created by Mohammed Ali Jinnah as a political leader, but was the outcome of a deliberate geopolitical strategy adopted by the British government during the final phase of colonial rule in India. He made these remarks while speaking at the launch of his book Colonization Crusade and Freedom of India: A Saga of Monstrous British Barbarism around the Globe.
Dwivedi said that after closely studying the transfer of power documents, he reached the conclusion that the popular narrative attributing Pakistan’s creation solely to Jinnah was not supported by historical and political facts. According to him, the electoral and political situation in 1946 did not give Jinnah the authority or public backing required to independently create a new nation.
He stated that the British government played the decisive role in shaping Pakistan and controlling the outcome of decolonisation. According to Dwivedi, the British planned the partition in advance and executed it through political arrangements, while projecting it as an outcome of Indian political demands.
Explaining his findings, Dwivedi said,
“I found so many documents of what was happening behind the scenes. Politicians say one thing, outside. What is happening inside is quite different. I believe, after reading all this in the transfer of paper documents, that Jinnah is not the Quaid-e-Azam. He did not build Pakistan. In the 1946 elections, after the World War was over, everybody was released from Congress, elections took place. Eight provinces, Congress government. Two provinces in the northwest, Punjab, coalition government, which is non-Muslim. In northwest Punjab province also it was Congress government. How could Jinnah build Pakistan? There was no question. He had no authority, no power. The people were not behind him. So it is the British who prepared the dough and baked the cake of Pakistan,”
he remarked.
Dwivedi also spoke about the scale of violence associated with European colonial expansion and said that the devastation caused by colonial powers was far greater than what is generally attributed to twentieth-century dictators. Referring to the genocide committed during the colonisation of the Americas, he said,
“The kind of devastation which happened, the genocide which happened in the American soil….. What Hitler did is nothing,”
he said.
Continuing his comparison, Dwivedi stated,
“At least 100 Hitlers are required to understand what devastation was done by these Europeans on the American soil. But what they did there was repeated with much worse intensity in Africa, and equally in India,”
he observed.
Former Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud, while releasing the book, said that the work critically examines how colonial powers justified their rule by repeatedly presenting themselves as forces of order, civilisation and governance. He observed that imperial histories often portrayed domination as administrative necessity rather than conquest.
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Justice Chandrachud stated that such claims became accepted truths not because of strong evidence, but due to constant repetition and confidence. He said the book’s strength lies in placing India’s colonisation within a broader global framework, drawing parallels with Africa, Ireland and the Americas.
He added that Dwivedi’s approach resembled a constitutional enquiry, where recurring imperial claims are examined against economic history, geopolitics and comparative colonial experiences rather than being treated as settled facts.
Senior Advocate and Rajya Sabha MP Kapil Sibal, speaking at the event, said that the book does not treat history as a mere list of events, but as a process of understanding deeper causes and methods.
He said,
“History is not about facts because we know what happened. History is about knowing why it happened. History is about knowing how it happened,”
he said.
Referring to the book’s core argument, Sibal stated,
“The book makes the point that the real Quaid-e-Azam (founder) was the British government,”
Sibal said.
Solicitor General of India Tushar Mehta said that the book dismantles what he described as the “comforting fiction of empire”. He said colonial rule was often projected as progress while concealing widespread violence and exploitation.
He stated that the book presents the Partition not as an inevitable communal event, but as the result of calculated imperial decisions taken to serve British geopolitical interests. The Solicitor General added that the work is important because it views history from a post-1947 Indian perspective rather than colonial historiography.
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He further said that the book should be read outside India, especially in Britain. He stated that he intended to personally send copies to acquaintances in England so they could understand how India views its colonial past after Independence.
He said the book exposes how British colonial conquest was historically sanitised through narratives of governance and progress, and added that it would help British readers understand how
“post-1947 India perceives them”.
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